| Quantity: | |
|---|---|
C: 0.26-0.33
Si: 0.15-0.40
Mn: 0.15-0.40
P: ≤0.035
S: ≤0.035
Ni: 1.8-2.2
Cr: 1.8-2.2
Mo: 0.3-0.5
Tensile strength: 520-1200MPa
Yield strength: 350-600MPa
Elongation: 11-26%
Hardness: 180-350HB
Normalizing: 870℃-880℃,Cool in air
Soft Annealing: 650℃-700℃,Cooling 10℃ per hour in furnace,max. 248 HB
Stress Relieving: 50°C under the temperature of tempering
Hardening: 830 – 860°C,oil or polymer,840-850°C,water
Tempering: 540°C – 660°C, cool in still air
Alloy steel is a superior - performing metal material created by combining iron with one or more alloying elements, such as chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, boron, titanium, or tungsten in specific proportions. Unlike carbon steel, the addition of these alloying elements significantly enhances the mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and physical characteristics of the steel. This makes alloy steel suitable for a broad range of demanding applications across various industries. Depending on the types and amounts of alloying elements used, alloy steels can be categorized into several classes, including low - alloy steels, medium - alloy steels, high - alloy steels, and special - alloy steels.
Each type offers distinct combinations of properties that can be tailored to meet specific industrial requirements. For instance, low - alloy steels typically contain a relatively small percentage of alloying elements (usually less than 5%) and provide better mechanical properties than carbon steels while maintaining good weldability and formability. High - alloy steels, on the other hand, contain a higher concentration of alloying elements and exhibit exceptional properties such as superior corrosion resistance, high - temperature strength, or extreme hardness, making them ideal for specialized applications.
Enhanced Mechanical Properties: Alloy steels generally possess higher strength, toughness, and hardness compared to carbon steels. This enables them to withstand greater stresses and loads in demanding mechanical applications. For example, chromium and molybdenum additions can significantly improve the steel's strength and toughness, allowing it to be used in constructing heavy - duty machinery components and structural parts that require high load - bearing capacity.
Improved Corrosion Resistance: The addition of elements like chromium, nickel, and copper can greatly enhance the steel's ability to resist corrosion. Stainless steel, a well - known type of high - alloy steel, contains at least 10.5% chromium, which forms a passive chromium oxide layer on the surface. This layer protects the steel from corrosion in various environments, including harsh chemical and marine settings, making it a preferred material for applications where corrosion resistance is crucial, such as in the food processing, chemical, and marine industries.
Better High - Temperature Performance: Alloying elements such as nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten can improve the steel's high - temperature strength and creep resistance. This allows alloy steels to maintain their mechanical properties and structural integrity at elevated temperatures, making them suitable for use in high - temperature environments like power plants, aerospace engines, and industrial furnaces. For example, nickel - based alloy steels can operate effectively at high temperatures without experiencing significant deformation or performance degradation.
Enhanced Wear Resistance: Elements like vanadium and molybdenum can refine the grain structure of steel and form hard carbides, thereby improving its wear resistance. This feature is particularly valuable in applications involving frequent friction and wear, such as mining equipment, construction machinery parts, and cutting tools. The superior wear resistance of alloy steels helps prolong the service life of these components and reduces maintenance and replacement costs.
Good Machinability and Fabricability: Despite their enhanced properties, many alloy steels can still be machined, welded, and formed relatively easily. Advances in steel production technologies have enabled the development of alloy steels with balanced alloying element contents, ensuring that they retain good machinability and fabricability while delivering the desired mechanical and physical properties. This makes alloy steels versatile materials that can be processed into various shapes and sizes to meet different design and manufacturing requirements.
Automotive Industry: Alloy steels are widely used in the automotive industry for manufacturing critical components such as engine parts, transmission systems, chassis components, and safety - related parts. Their high strength and toughness help reduce vehicle weight while maintaining safety and reliability, improving fuel efficiency and performance.
Aerospace Sector: In the aerospace field, alloy steels are used to produce aircraft landing gear, wings, fuselage structures, and engine components. The superior mechanical properties and high - temperature performance of alloy steels ensure the safe and reliable operation of aircraft under extreme conditions, such as high - altitude flight and high - speed travel.
Energy Industry: Alloy steels play a vital role in the energy industry, particularly in power generation equipment such as steam turbines, gas turbines, boilers, and pipelines. Their ability to withstand high temperatures, pressures, and corrosive environments makes them suitable for the harsh operating conditions of power plants, helping to ensure stable energy supply.
Manufacturing and Machinery: In the manufacturing and machinery sectors, alloy steels are used to make various tools, molds, dies, and machinery components. Their high hardness and wear resistance enable these components to maintain precision and durability during long - term production processes, improving production efficiency and product quality.
Construction and Infrastructure: Alloy steels are applied in the construction of bridges, high - rise buildings, stadiums, and other large - scale infrastructure projects. Their high strength and excellent weldability allow for the creation of robust and durable structural components that can support heavy loads and withstand environmental factors such as wind, earthquakes, and corrosion.
Mining and Metallurgy: In the mining and metallurgical industries, alloy steels are used to manufacture mining machinery parts, grinding balls, excavator buckets, and ore - dressing equipment. Their superior wear resistance and toughness enable them to endure the severe abrasion and impact encountered during mining and mineral processing operations, reducing equipment downtime and maintenance costs.
C: 0.26-0.33
Si: 0.15-0.40
Mn: 0.15-0.40
P: ≤0.035
S: ≤0.035
Ni: 1.8-2.2
Cr: 1.8-2.2
Mo: 0.3-0.5
Tensile strength: 520-1200MPa
Yield strength: 350-600MPa
Elongation: 11-26%
Hardness: 180-350HB
Normalizing: 870℃-880℃,Cool in air
Soft Annealing: 650℃-700℃,Cooling 10℃ per hour in furnace,max. 248 HB
Stress Relieving: 50°C under the temperature of tempering
Hardening: 830 – 860°C,oil or polymer,840-850°C,water
Tempering: 540°C – 660°C, cool in still air
Alloy steel is a superior - performing metal material created by combining iron with one or more alloying elements, such as chromium, nickel, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, silicon, boron, titanium, or tungsten in specific proportions. Unlike carbon steel, the addition of these alloying elements significantly enhances the mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and physical characteristics of the steel. This makes alloy steel suitable for a broad range of demanding applications across various industries. Depending on the types and amounts of alloying elements used, alloy steels can be categorized into several classes, including low - alloy steels, medium - alloy steels, high - alloy steels, and special - alloy steels.
Each type offers distinct combinations of properties that can be tailored to meet specific industrial requirements. For instance, low - alloy steels typically contain a relatively small percentage of alloying elements (usually less than 5%) and provide better mechanical properties than carbon steels while maintaining good weldability and formability. High - alloy steels, on the other hand, contain a higher concentration of alloying elements and exhibit exceptional properties such as superior corrosion resistance, high - temperature strength, or extreme hardness, making them ideal for specialized applications.
Enhanced Mechanical Properties: Alloy steels generally possess higher strength, toughness, and hardness compared to carbon steels. This enables them to withstand greater stresses and loads in demanding mechanical applications. For example, chromium and molybdenum additions can significantly improve the steel's strength and toughness, allowing it to be used in constructing heavy - duty machinery components and structural parts that require high load - bearing capacity.
Improved Corrosion Resistance: The addition of elements like chromium, nickel, and copper can greatly enhance the steel's ability to resist corrosion. Stainless steel, a well - known type of high - alloy steel, contains at least 10.5% chromium, which forms a passive chromium oxide layer on the surface. This layer protects the steel from corrosion in various environments, including harsh chemical and marine settings, making it a preferred material for applications where corrosion resistance is crucial, such as in the food processing, chemical, and marine industries.
Better High - Temperature Performance: Alloying elements such as nickel, molybdenum, and tungsten can improve the steel's high - temperature strength and creep resistance. This allows alloy steels to maintain their mechanical properties and structural integrity at elevated temperatures, making them suitable for use in high - temperature environments like power plants, aerospace engines, and industrial furnaces. For example, nickel - based alloy steels can operate effectively at high temperatures without experiencing significant deformation or performance degradation.
Enhanced Wear Resistance: Elements like vanadium and molybdenum can refine the grain structure of steel and form hard carbides, thereby improving its wear resistance. This feature is particularly valuable in applications involving frequent friction and wear, such as mining equipment, construction machinery parts, and cutting tools. The superior wear resistance of alloy steels helps prolong the service life of these components and reduces maintenance and replacement costs.
Good Machinability and Fabricability: Despite their enhanced properties, many alloy steels can still be machined, welded, and formed relatively easily. Advances in steel production technologies have enabled the development of alloy steels with balanced alloying element contents, ensuring that they retain good machinability and fabricability while delivering the desired mechanical and physical properties. This makes alloy steels versatile materials that can be processed into various shapes and sizes to meet different design and manufacturing requirements.
Automotive Industry: Alloy steels are widely used in the automotive industry for manufacturing critical components such as engine parts, transmission systems, chassis components, and safety - related parts. Their high strength and toughness help reduce vehicle weight while maintaining safety and reliability, improving fuel efficiency and performance.
Aerospace Sector: In the aerospace field, alloy steels are used to produce aircraft landing gear, wings, fuselage structures, and engine components. The superior mechanical properties and high - temperature performance of alloy steels ensure the safe and reliable operation of aircraft under extreme conditions, such as high - altitude flight and high - speed travel.
Energy Industry: Alloy steels play a vital role in the energy industry, particularly in power generation equipment such as steam turbines, gas turbines, boilers, and pipelines. Their ability to withstand high temperatures, pressures, and corrosive environments makes them suitable for the harsh operating conditions of power plants, helping to ensure stable energy supply.
Manufacturing and Machinery: In the manufacturing and machinery sectors, alloy steels are used to make various tools, molds, dies, and machinery components. Their high hardness and wear resistance enable these components to maintain precision and durability during long - term production processes, improving production efficiency and product quality.
Construction and Infrastructure: Alloy steels are applied in the construction of bridges, high - rise buildings, stadiums, and other large - scale infrastructure projects. Their high strength and excellent weldability allow for the creation of robust and durable structural components that can support heavy loads and withstand environmental factors such as wind, earthquakes, and corrosion.
Mining and Metallurgy: In the mining and metallurgical industries, alloy steels are used to manufacture mining machinery parts, grinding balls, excavator buckets, and ore - dressing equipment. Their superior wear resistance and toughness enable them to endure the severe abrasion and impact encountered during mining and mineral processing operations, reducing equipment downtime and maintenance costs.
