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CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
C: 0.28-0.4
Si: 0.2-0.8
Mn: 0.6-1.0
P: ≤0.03
S: ≤0.03
Cr: 1.4-2.0
Mo: 0.3-0.55
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Hardness: 285-330HB (30-36HRC)
Tensile strength: about 1250MPa
Yield strength: about 1140MPa
Elongation: about 14%
Sectional shrinkage: about 4.58%
Impact tension value: about 11.5J/cm²
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Density: approximately 7861 kg/m³
Specific Gravity: 7.86
Modulus of Elasticity: 30 x 106 psi (207 GPa)
Thermal Conductivity:
24 Btu/ft/hr/°F
41.5 W/m/°K
Machinability: 60-65% of a 1% carbon steel
Specific heat capacity: Around 460 J/kg·°C
HEAT TREATMENT
Austenitizing: Heating steel to a temperature to form an austenitic structure.
Quenching: Rapid cooling after austenitization to form a hard martensite phase. Direct quenching of materials (in water and liquid nitrogen) forms the largest volume of the martensite phase, and its amount increases as the cooling rate increases.
Tempering: Performed in the temperature range 482-593°C (900 to 1100°F) to achieve the desired Rockwell C hardness, which ranges from 37 to 28.
Annealing: At a temperature of 760-788°C (1400 to 1450°F), followed by slow cooling in the furnace at a rate not exceeding 4°C (40°F).
FORGING
P20 tool steels are forged at 1093°C (2000°F) down to 899°C (1650°F). Forging below 871°C (1600°F) is not recommended for these steels to avoid possible cracks or other defects. After forging, the steel should be cooled slowly.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
C: 0.28-0.4
Si: 0.2-0.8
Mn: 0.6-1.0
P: ≤0.03
S: ≤0.03
Cr: 1.4-2.0
Mo: 0.3-0.55
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Hardness: 285-330HB (30-36HRC)
Tensile strength: about 1250MPa
Yield strength: about 1140MPa
Elongation: about 14%
Sectional shrinkage: about 4.58%
Impact tension value: about 11.5J/cm²
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Density: approximately 7861 kg/m³
Specific Gravity: 7.86
Modulus of Elasticity: 30 x 106 psi (207 GPa)
Thermal Conductivity:
24 Btu/ft/hr/°F
41.5 W/m/°K
Machinability: 60-65% of a 1% carbon steel
Specific heat capacity: Around 460 J/kg·°C
HEAT TREATMENT
Austenitizing: Heating steel to a temperature to form an austenitic structure.
Quenching: Rapid cooling after austenitization to form a hard martensite phase. Direct quenching of materials (in water and liquid nitrogen) forms the largest volume of the martensite phase, and its amount increases as the cooling rate increases.
Tempering: Performed in the temperature range 482-593°C (900 to 1100°F) to achieve the desired Rockwell C hardness, which ranges from 37 to 28.
Annealing: At a temperature of 760-788°C (1400 to 1450°F), followed by slow cooling in the furnace at a rate not exceeding 4°C (40°F).
FORGING
P20 tool steels are forged at 1093°C (2000°F) down to 899°C (1650°F). Forging below 871°C (1600°F) is not recommended for these steels to avoid possible cracks or other defects. After forging, the steel should be cooled slowly.
