| Quantity: | |
|---|---|
C：0.42-0.48
Mn: 0.60-0.90
P: 0.03
S: 0.035
Si: 0.15-0.35
Tensile strength: ≥600 MPa (61 kgf/mm²)
Yield strength: ≥355 MPa (36 kgf/mm²)
Elongation: ≥16%
Impact energy: ≥39 J
Impact toughness value: ≥49 J/cm² (5 kgf·m/cm²)
Hardness: Unheat treated ≤229HB; Annealed steel ≤197HB
Density: 7.85 g/cc; 0.284 lb/in⊃3;
Quenching: The quenching temperature of S45C steel is usually between 820℃ and 870℃, followed by water cooling. Quenching can significantly increase the hardness of steel.
Tempering: Quenched S45C steel needs to be tempered to reduce hardness and improve toughness. The tempering temperature is generally between 550°C and 650°C, and it needs to be cooled quickly after coming out of the furnace to avoid the occurrence of temper brittleness.
Holding time: After heating to the required temperature, the steel needs to be kept warm for a period of time, such as 1 hour, to ensure that the steel structure is homogenized and the austenite grains are refined.
Cooling rate: During the cooling process after forging, the cooling rate should be controlled to avoid excessive structural stress and cracking.
Carbon steel is a cornerstone material in the world of engineering and manufacturing, renowned for its simplicity, affordability, and wide - ranging applications. Comprising primarily iron and carbon, with carbon content typically ranging from 0.05% to 2.1%, this alloy forms the basis of countless industrial and consumer products.
Its properties can be finely tuned by adjusting the carbon content and heat - treatment processes, making it a highly adaptable material for diverse requirements. From large - scale construction projects to the production of everyday tools, carbon steel has proven its worth time and again, offering a reliable and cost - effective solution for various industries.
1. Strength and Durability: One of the most prominent features of carbon steel is its impressive strength. As the carbon content increases, so does the steel's hardness and tensile strength. Low - carbon steels, with carbon contents around 0.05% - 0.3%, are relatively soft and ductile, making them easy to form and weld. Medium - carbon steels (0.3% - 0.6% carbon) strike a balance between strength and formability, while high - carbon steels (0.6% - 2.1% carbon) are extremely hard and strong, ideal for applications that require high wear resistance. This wide range of strength characteristics allows carbon steel to be used in everything from structural beams to cutting tools.
2. Cost - Effectiveness: Compared to many other types of steel and alloys, carbon steel is relatively inexpensive. Its affordability stems from the abundance of its raw materials and the simplicity of its production process. This cost - effectiveness makes it a popular choice for large - scale projects where material costs can significantly impact the overall budget. Whether it's constructing a new building, manufacturing automotive components, or creating household items, carbon steel offers a cost - efficient option without sacrificing too much on quality.
3. Good Machinability and Weldability: Carbon steel is known for its excellent machinability. It can be easily cut, drilled, and shaped using standard machining techniques, allowing manufacturers to create complex parts with relative ease. Additionally, it has good weldability, especially for low - and medium - carbon steels. Welding is a crucial process in many industries, enabling the joining of different steel components. The ability to weld carbon steel effectively means that large structures and assemblies can be built efficiently, reducing production time and costs.
4. Availability: Carbon steel is readily available in various forms, including sheets, plates, bars, and tubes. This widespread availability ensures that manufacturers can source the material easily, regardless of their location or the scale of their projects. It also comes in different grades and specifications, allowing users to select the most suitable type of carbon steel for their specific needs.
1. Construction Industry: In the construction sector, carbon steel plays a vital role. Structural steel, a type of low - to - medium - carbon steel, is used extensively for building frames, bridges, and other large - scale structures. Its high strength and durability ensure the stability and safety of these structures. Steel beams and columns support the weight of buildings and withstand various environmental forces, such as wind and earthquakes. Additionally, carbon steel is used for reinforcing concrete, providing additional strength and preventing cracking.
2. Automotive Industry: The automotive industry relies on carbon steel for the production of numerous components. From the chassis and body frames, which require high strength and formability, to engine parts like crankshafts and camshafts, carbon steel offers the necessary mechanical properties. Medium - carbon steels are often used for these applications due to their balance of strength and toughness. The affordability of carbon steel also helps keep automotive production costs in check, making vehicles more accessible to consumers.
3. Manufacturing of Tools and Machinery: High - carbon steels are widely used in the manufacturing of tools and machinery. Tools such as knives, saw blades, and drills require high hardness and wear resistance, which high - carbon steel provides. These tools can withstand the rigors of cutting, shaping, and drilling various materials. In machinery, carbon steel components are used for gears, shafts, and bearings, where strength and durability are essential for smooth operation and long service life.
C：0.42-0.48
Mn: 0.60-0.90
P: 0.03
S: 0.035
Si: 0.15-0.35
Tensile strength: ≥600 MPa (61 kgf/mm²)
Yield strength: ≥355 MPa (36 kgf/mm²)
Elongation: ≥16%
Impact energy: ≥39 J
Impact toughness value: ≥49 J/cm² (5 kgf·m/cm²)
Hardness: Unheat treated ≤229HB; Annealed steel ≤197HB
Density: 7.85 g/cc; 0.284 lb/in⊃3;
Quenching: The quenching temperature of S45C steel is usually between 820℃ and 870℃, followed by water cooling. Quenching can significantly increase the hardness of steel.
Tempering: Quenched S45C steel needs to be tempered to reduce hardness and improve toughness. The tempering temperature is generally between 550°C and 650°C, and it needs to be cooled quickly after coming out of the furnace to avoid the occurrence of temper brittleness.
Holding time: After heating to the required temperature, the steel needs to be kept warm for a period of time, such as 1 hour, to ensure that the steel structure is homogenized and the austenite grains are refined.
Cooling rate: During the cooling process after forging, the cooling rate should be controlled to avoid excessive structural stress and cracking.
Carbon steel is a cornerstone material in the world of engineering and manufacturing, renowned for its simplicity, affordability, and wide - ranging applications. Comprising primarily iron and carbon, with carbon content typically ranging from 0.05% to 2.1%, this alloy forms the basis of countless industrial and consumer products.
Its properties can be finely tuned by adjusting the carbon content and heat - treatment processes, making it a highly adaptable material for diverse requirements. From large - scale construction projects to the production of everyday tools, carbon steel has proven its worth time and again, offering a reliable and cost - effective solution for various industries.
1. Strength and Durability: One of the most prominent features of carbon steel is its impressive strength. As the carbon content increases, so does the steel's hardness and tensile strength. Low - carbon steels, with carbon contents around 0.05% - 0.3%, are relatively soft and ductile, making them easy to form and weld. Medium - carbon steels (0.3% - 0.6% carbon) strike a balance between strength and formability, while high - carbon steels (0.6% - 2.1% carbon) are extremely hard and strong, ideal for applications that require high wear resistance. This wide range of strength characteristics allows carbon steel to be used in everything from structural beams to cutting tools.
2. Cost - Effectiveness: Compared to many other types of steel and alloys, carbon steel is relatively inexpensive. Its affordability stems from the abundance of its raw materials and the simplicity of its production process. This cost - effectiveness makes it a popular choice for large - scale projects where material costs can significantly impact the overall budget. Whether it's constructing a new building, manufacturing automotive components, or creating household items, carbon steel offers a cost - efficient option without sacrificing too much on quality.
3. Good Machinability and Weldability: Carbon steel is known for its excellent machinability. It can be easily cut, drilled, and shaped using standard machining techniques, allowing manufacturers to create complex parts with relative ease. Additionally, it has good weldability, especially for low - and medium - carbon steels. Welding is a crucial process in many industries, enabling the joining of different steel components. The ability to weld carbon steel effectively means that large structures and assemblies can be built efficiently, reducing production time and costs.
4. Availability: Carbon steel is readily available in various forms, including sheets, plates, bars, and tubes. This widespread availability ensures that manufacturers can source the material easily, regardless of their location or the scale of their projects. It also comes in different grades and specifications, allowing users to select the most suitable type of carbon steel for their specific needs.
1. Construction Industry: In the construction sector, carbon steel plays a vital role. Structural steel, a type of low - to - medium - carbon steel, is used extensively for building frames, bridges, and other large - scale structures. Its high strength and durability ensure the stability and safety of these structures. Steel beams and columns support the weight of buildings and withstand various environmental forces, such as wind and earthquakes. Additionally, carbon steel is used for reinforcing concrete, providing additional strength and preventing cracking.
2. Automotive Industry: The automotive industry relies on carbon steel for the production of numerous components. From the chassis and body frames, which require high strength and formability, to engine parts like crankshafts and camshafts, carbon steel offers the necessary mechanical properties. Medium - carbon steels are often used for these applications due to their balance of strength and toughness. The affordability of carbon steel also helps keep automotive production costs in check, making vehicles more accessible to consumers.
3. Manufacturing of Tools and Machinery: High - carbon steels are widely used in the manufacturing of tools and machinery. Tools such as knives, saw blades, and drills require high hardness and wear resistance, which high - carbon steel provides. These tools can withstand the rigors of cutting, shaping, and drilling various materials. In machinery, carbon steel components are used for gears, shafts, and bearings, where strength and durability are essential for smooth operation and long service life.
