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C: 0.65-0.75%
Mn: 0.60-0.90%
Si: 0.10-0.35%
P: ≤ 0.035%
S: ≤ 0.040%
Tensile strength: 650-880 MPa
Yield strength: 275-550 MPa
Elongation: between 8%-25%
Hardness: 180-210 HB
Elastic modulus: 200000 MPa
Thermal expansion coefficient: 10-10 e-6/K in temperature rang
Thermal conductivity: 25 W/m.K
Specific heat capacity: 460 J/kg.K
Melting point: 1450-1510°C
Density: 7700 kg/m³
Resistivity: 0.55 Ohm.mm2/m
Normalizing treatment: heat to 860-870°C, keep warm for 1-2 hours, and then cool to a temperature less than 200°C.
Annealing treatment: Heat to 740-780°C, keep warm for 2-4 hours, and then cool to room temperature.
Quenching: The water quenching temperature range is 750-860°C, and the oil quenching temperature range is 780-890°C. After quenching, the hardness can reach HRC≥58 (water quenching) or HRC≥56 (oil quenching).
Tempering: usually performed after quenching to reduce hardness and improve toughness.
Spring steel is a specialized type of carbon or alloy steel engineered to possess exceptional elasticity and fatigue resistance, making it the go - to material for applications that demand repeated flexing, stretching, and compression without permanent deformation. Crafted through precise alloying and heat - treatment processes, spring steel can endure countless cycles of stress while maintaining its shape and mechanical properties. This unique combination of characteristics has positioned spring steel as an indispensable component in a wide array of industries, from automotive and aerospace to consumer electronics and household appliances. Its ability to store and release energy efficiently makes it the heart of various spring - based systems, ensuring smooth operation and long - term functionality.
1. Outstanding Elasticity: The defining feature of spring steel is its remarkable elasticity. It can be deformed under load and then return to its original shape once the load is removed, making it ideal for applications where consistent and reliable spring action is required. This elasticity is achieved through a careful balance of carbon content, alloying elements, and heat treatment. For example, higher carbon content in spring steels contributes to increased strength and elasticity, allowing the material to withstand greater forces while maintaining its resilience.
2. High Fatigue Resistance: Spring steel is designed to resist fatigue failure, which occurs when a material breaks due to repeated stress cycles. Through advanced manufacturing techniques and precise control of its microstructure, spring steel can endure millions of stress cycles without developing cracks or fractures. This high fatigue resistance ensures the longevity and reliability of springs made from this material, reducing the need for frequent replacements and maintenance.
3. Tailored Mechanical Properties: Depending on the specific application, spring steel can be customized to have a range of mechanical properties. Alloying elements such as manganese, silicon, chromium, and vanadium can be added to enhance strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Heat treatment processes, including quenching and tempering, further refine the material's properties, allowing manufacturers to optimize the spring steel for different operating conditions, whether it's high - temperature environments or applications requiring high - impact resistance.
4. Good Formability: Despite its high strength and durability, spring steel offers good formability, enabling it to be shaped into various spring designs, including helical, leaf, and torsion springs. This formability allows manufacturers to create springs with precise dimensions and complex geometries to meet the specific requirements of different products. Advanced manufacturing techniques, such as cold - forming and hot - forging, can be used to shape spring steel, providing flexibility in the production process.
1. Automotive Industry: In the automotive sector, spring steel is used extensively in suspension systems, engine components, and seating mechanisms. Suspension springs, made from spring steel, help absorb shocks and vibrations from the road, providing a smooth and comfortable ride. Engine valve springs ensure the proper opening and closing of engine valves, contributing to the engine's performance and efficiency. Additionally, spring steel is used in seat springs to provide support and comfort to passengers, adapting to different body weights and postures.
2. Aerospace Industry: The aerospace industry relies on spring steel for critical applications where reliability and lightweight design are paramount. Springs made from spring steel are used in aircraft landing gear systems to absorb the impact during landing and takeoff. They are also employed in control systems, such as flap and slat actuators, to ensure precise movement and control of aircraft components. The high fatigue resistance and strength - to - weight ratio of spring steel make it an ideal choice for these demanding aerospace applications.
3. Consumer Electronics: In consumer electronics, spring steel is used in various components, including battery contacts, connectors, and switches. The elasticity and durability of spring steel ensure reliable electrical connections, preventing loose or intermittent contacts. For example, in smartphones and laptops, spring - loaded connectors provide a secure and stable connection between different circuit boards and components, enhancing the overall performance and reliability of the devices.
C: 0.65-0.75%
Mn: 0.60-0.90%
Si: 0.10-0.35%
P: ≤ 0.035%
S: ≤ 0.040%
Tensile strength: 650-880 MPa
Yield strength: 275-550 MPa
Elongation: between 8%-25%
Hardness: 180-210 HB
Elastic modulus: 200000 MPa
Thermal expansion coefficient: 10-10 e-6/K in temperature rang
Thermal conductivity: 25 W/m.K
Specific heat capacity: 460 J/kg.K
Melting point: 1450-1510°C
Density: 7700 kg/m³
Resistivity: 0.55 Ohm.mm2/m
Normalizing treatment: heat to 860-870°C, keep warm for 1-2 hours, and then cool to a temperature less than 200°C.
Annealing treatment: Heat to 740-780°C, keep warm for 2-4 hours, and then cool to room temperature.
Quenching: The water quenching temperature range is 750-860°C, and the oil quenching temperature range is 780-890°C. After quenching, the hardness can reach HRC≥58 (water quenching) or HRC≥56 (oil quenching).
Tempering: usually performed after quenching to reduce hardness and improve toughness.
Spring steel is a specialized type of carbon or alloy steel engineered to possess exceptional elasticity and fatigue resistance, making it the go - to material for applications that demand repeated flexing, stretching, and compression without permanent deformation. Crafted through precise alloying and heat - treatment processes, spring steel can endure countless cycles of stress while maintaining its shape and mechanical properties. This unique combination of characteristics has positioned spring steel as an indispensable component in a wide array of industries, from automotive and aerospace to consumer electronics and household appliances. Its ability to store and release energy efficiently makes it the heart of various spring - based systems, ensuring smooth operation and long - term functionality.
1. Outstanding Elasticity: The defining feature of spring steel is its remarkable elasticity. It can be deformed under load and then return to its original shape once the load is removed, making it ideal for applications where consistent and reliable spring action is required. This elasticity is achieved through a careful balance of carbon content, alloying elements, and heat treatment. For example, higher carbon content in spring steels contributes to increased strength and elasticity, allowing the material to withstand greater forces while maintaining its resilience.
2. High Fatigue Resistance: Spring steel is designed to resist fatigue failure, which occurs when a material breaks due to repeated stress cycles. Through advanced manufacturing techniques and precise control of its microstructure, spring steel can endure millions of stress cycles without developing cracks or fractures. This high fatigue resistance ensures the longevity and reliability of springs made from this material, reducing the need for frequent replacements and maintenance.
3. Tailored Mechanical Properties: Depending on the specific application, spring steel can be customized to have a range of mechanical properties. Alloying elements such as manganese, silicon, chromium, and vanadium can be added to enhance strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Heat treatment processes, including quenching and tempering, further refine the material's properties, allowing manufacturers to optimize the spring steel for different operating conditions, whether it's high - temperature environments or applications requiring high - impact resistance.
4. Good Formability: Despite its high strength and durability, spring steel offers good formability, enabling it to be shaped into various spring designs, including helical, leaf, and torsion springs. This formability allows manufacturers to create springs with precise dimensions and complex geometries to meet the specific requirements of different products. Advanced manufacturing techniques, such as cold - forming and hot - forging, can be used to shape spring steel, providing flexibility in the production process.
1. Automotive Industry: In the automotive sector, spring steel is used extensively in suspension systems, engine components, and seating mechanisms. Suspension springs, made from spring steel, help absorb shocks and vibrations from the road, providing a smooth and comfortable ride. Engine valve springs ensure the proper opening and closing of engine valves, contributing to the engine's performance and efficiency. Additionally, spring steel is used in seat springs to provide support and comfort to passengers, adapting to different body weights and postures.
2. Aerospace Industry: The aerospace industry relies on spring steel for critical applications where reliability and lightweight design are paramount. Springs made from spring steel are used in aircraft landing gear systems to absorb the impact during landing and takeoff. They are also employed in control systems, such as flap and slat actuators, to ensure precise movement and control of aircraft components. The high fatigue resistance and strength - to - weight ratio of spring steel make it an ideal choice for these demanding aerospace applications.
3. Consumer Electronics: In consumer electronics, spring steel is used in various components, including battery contacts, connectors, and switches. The elasticity and durability of spring steel ensure reliable electrical connections, preventing loose or intermittent contacts. For example, in smartphones and laptops, spring - loaded connectors provide a secure and stable connection between different circuit boards and components, enhancing the overall performance and reliability of the devices.
